IBM The normalizeDocument method method acts as if the document was going through a save and load cycle, putting the document in a "normal" form. Set the validate feature to true. Invoke the normalizeDocument method on this document. Retreive the documentElement node and check the nodeName of this node to make sure it has not changed. Now set validate to false and verify the same. Register an error handler on this Document and in each case make sure that it does not get called. Neil Delima 2002-06-10